Classifying account into financial statement element

5 classes: 

  • Asset 
  • Liability 
  • Equity 
  • Revenue
  • Expense

Assets: company’s economic resource 

  • Cash and cash equivalent 
  • Accounts receivable: have “allowance for bad debt” as contra accounts
  • Inventory 
  • Financial assets: marketable stocks
  • Prepaid expenses (9)
    • Expense on future income statement
  • Property, plant and equipment 
  • Investment in affiliates
  • Deferred tax asset (8)
  • Intangible assets
    • Patents, trademarks, licenses

Liabilities: creditor claim on company’s resource

  • Accounts payable
  • Income taxes payable (10)
  • Financial liabilities: short term notes payable 
  • Long-term debt (11)
    • Bond
  • Unearned revenue (9)
  • Deferred tax liabilities

Owner’s equity 

  • Capital: par value of common stock 
  • Additional paid-in capital
    • Stock sales in excess of par value
  • Retained earnings (12)
    • Net dividend that is not distributed
  • Comprehensive income
    • Foreign currency
    • Minimum pension liability adjustment 

Revenue

  • Sales: day-to-day activities
  • Gains (13)
    • Increase in firm asset from transaction incidental firm’s day-to-day activities
  • Investment incomes (14)
    • Interest and dividend income

Expense 

  • Cost of goods sold (15) 
  • Selling, general and administrative expense 
  • Depreciation and amortization
  • Tax expense
  • Interest expense
  • Losses 
    • from transaction incidental firm’s day-to-day activities